Hacker Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast David Landes and Andre Gunder Frank’s explanations of economic development and underdevelopment Essay Example for Free

Investigate David Landes and Andre Gunder Frank’s clarifications of monetary turn of events and underdevelopment Essay Brief: Compare and complexity David Landes and Andre Gunder Frank’s clarifications of monetary turn of events and underdevelopment. How do these creators clarify the advancement of Japan in the nineteenth century? This paper will investigate the contentions on improvement and underdevelopment from the perspective of David Landes and Andre Gunder Frank. At the absolute starting point of Frank’s article, he explains three qualities of nations, created, immature and lacking. Which means of created nation is clear yet Frank expresses that there are misinterpretations about the other two terms. Lacking essentially alludes to nations that isn't yet begin creating or didn't figure out how to create though immature methods not totally grew yet at the same time creating. Some of immature nations are managing the issue of variations in salary and social contrasts among the general public. This circumstance prompts presence of social classes and this is called ‘dual society’. Principle reason of this issue is while the entrepreneurs are developing monetarily, the other part stays confined accordingly they are less evolved. As indicated by Frank, Japan became quickly after the Meiji Restoration. Industrialization period was exceptionally fruitful in Japan despite the fact that they don't have sufficient asset. Reason of this development is Japan isn't satellized during the Tokugawa and Meiji period. Subsequently advancement of Japan was more noteworthy than other satellized nations, for example, Russia and South American nations. Then again David Landes proposed a few thoughts that caused Japanese turn of events. Landes believes that society assumes a significant job on advancement. They were exceptionally energetic to work for their nation and they accepted that their nation would grow, for example, European nations. Along these lines they enlivened by their prosperity and conveyed themselves nation to a similar level.

Lyrics are Poetry Welcome to Hollywood Essay Example

Verses are Poetry Welcome to Hollywood Essay Verses are Poetry? Lights, camera, activity yet the lights a diverting, the camera draws are eyes into one region and the activities gave may not concur what is really occurring in reality. Hollywood impacts can turn out to be overwhelmingly diverting similarly as portrayed in the verses of â€Å"Welcome to Hollywood† sung by celebrated Beyonce. The tune was composed by a blend of gifts known as Shawn Carter, Reginald Perry, and Shaffer Smith. The association among dream and authenticity can turn out to be immediately interlaced. Beyonce calmly inhales and from profound with in she cries out tones that grabs the eye of her audience members anyway the words sang is the thing that spellbinds their brains. Hollywood is the fantasy area for a few yet she cautions everybody that the extravagant hallucinations are only that â€Å"illusions†. â€Å"I see your face, you need to contact it† advises us that your expectations are effectively noticeable because of your interruption from the mysteriously locales of the area as well as the individuals too. The groups will put you on a platform as though you are progressively better than them because of the achievement you have made. Once on that platform it is difficult to dismiss and withdraw from those measures of which you have been set. We will compose a custom exposition test on Lyrics are Poetry Welcome to Hollywood explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Lyrics are Poetry Welcome to Hollywood explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Lyrics are Poetry Welcome to Hollywood explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The tone in â€Å"Welcome to Hollywood† will draw the tune in as tho this mystically world ought to be detonate anyway an admonition is being introduced inside the verses. â€Å"Heroins followin, Marilyn, hoppin over the edge, Just like Janice, Joplin, waterway Phoenix, Jimi Hendrix, Jimmy Morrison, All of them finished by Hollywood† The admonitions go into profundity with real events of people that permitted the lights, cameras, and activities of Hollywood to expend their lives and surpass their activities into an extreme death of their current. Similarly as the Hollywood lights make concealed implications this tune utilizes lovely gadgets to make and tune that grabs your eye and gives you the admonitions expected to

In Nazi Occupied Eastern Europe, the Jewish Reaction to the Final Solution Varied :: Papers

In Nazi Occupied Eastern Europe, the Jewish Reaction to the Final Solution Varied The normal conviction of the response of the Jews to the last arrangement is that they don't did anything. Many accepted that they went like 'sheep to the butcher'. Anyway as of late has proof become exposed through archives covered up, discovered at that point deciphered from Russian, Polish and other dialects. Additionally as of late survivors are approaching and recalling their encounters. Presently it is along these lines becoming visible that many opposed from multiple points of view. The Jews opposed in different manners, one of which was detached obstruction. One types of aloof obstruction was endurance. Endurance was a type of obstruction since it conflicted with the Nazis point, which was to kill the Jews. Instances of the exertion of endurance were seen in ghettos where food sneaking activities were done and furthermore different exercises, which upheld the will to live and attempt to include some 'typicality' to life. Likewise another case of the will to safeguard life was simply the Jewish Help affiliation, which sorted out road assortments and soup kitchens. The explanation behind the will to endure is that they accepted that they would have been resettled in the East as opposed to sent to their demise. Nonetheless if the Jews realized that they would have been executed many would have lost the will to live, yet some it would of given them more assurance to oppose the Nazis by power, which got obvious around 1942. Anyway the inactive opposition and disobedience through endurance raised confidence, due to the certainty that they were censuring and challenging the third Reich, which was probably the most grounded armed force the world has ever observed. Instances of enduring were additionally found in the genuine concentration camps where affability and activity were utilized to keep away from the gas chambers in which Samuel Pisar who was a detainee an Auschwitz was in the line for entering the gas chambers so, all things considered he saw a bucket of water and a brush, he at that point got them and begun cleaning the floor, until he got out the entryway he at that point

Literary Journal Concepts Youre Free To Steal And Make A Reality

Literary Journal Concepts Youre Free To Steal And Make A Reality In perhaps my most Guy In Your MFA opening line ever: Me and another guy in my MFA program have made a pastime of coming up with fake names and concepts for literary journals. Please feel free to make any of these ideas a reality, but do be so kind as to give me some type of honorary title on your masthead. A free copy would also be cool. Anyway, here are a few of the better ones: ZYZZYZA (or simply, ZA) Due to naming similarities, ZAs main competition would probably be ZYZZYVA. A journal of contemporary poetry, fiction, and creative nonfiction, each issue of ZA is delivered to readers printed in its entirety on a pizza box, with a fresh pie included. The inclusion of a one-topping za, plus tip and a delivery fee, would make this a more expensive investment for readers, but imagine scarfing down warm slices of pepperoni pizza in order to slowly reveal a short story by Joyce Carol Oates or a poem by Laura Kasischke. Airhead: A Journal of Poetry Option A: Every poem accepted by Airhead is printed on parchment paper, rolled up inside a biodegradable helium balloon, and released outside of the nearest window. Readership is subject to random gusts of wind and inclement weather. Option B: Each poem is printed on a biodegradable helium balloon and delivered to readers in a colorful bouquet. Imagine, poems could float about your apartment for days. Guy In Your MFA Quarterly A quarterly journal founded and edited by Guy In Your MFA. All poetry and prose included in each issue is written and edited by Guy In Your MFA. Unsolicited book reviews submissions are allowed, but must be positive, thought-provoking criticism on works written by Guy In Your MFA. Billboard Billboard exclusively publishes six-word stories. Each work accepted by Billboard is printed on a random billboard within the authors home state or province. Billboard Review A journal dedicated to publishing the best work that directly or tangentially examines billboards and billboard culture. Emerging and established writers alike are encouraged to submit work. MENU An food-menu-themed aggregator of the best poems, stories, essays, and other writing found online each week. Appetizers could shorter reads, such as flash fiction. Confetti An international journal dedicated to providing exposure for emerging writers at professional sporting events, concerts, New Years Eve bashes, and other major celebrations. Every piece of writing accepted by Confetti is printed thousands of times on recycled paper and promptly shredded, after which it is used as confetti at festivities across the globe. Paper Plane Prose A sister journal to Airhead.

INNOKIN iClear E-CIGARETTE Case Study - Free Essay Example

INNOKIN iClear E-CIGARETTE Question 1 The Innokin iClear 30 electronic cigarette (also known as E-cigarette) is an innovative way of smoking without all the risks attached to it. It is a cylindrical-shaped tube that has a red tip as well as a filter. The device operates with a battery. It is filled with liquid nicotine that is dissolved in water and propylene glycol. The E-cigarette works in such a way that when one takes a puff, the nicotine heats up thus creating vapour that is inhaled in the lungs of those smoking it. The device is portable and can be smoked anywhere as it does not have a smell. The product is a unique alternative to a regular cigarette, it does no harm to human lungs and the environment, as no secondary smoke is emitted. The iClear 30 e- cigarette contains no tobacco. The need that the product addresses, is that it aims to offer users an enjoyable, convenient and relaxed way of smoking. The iClear 30 also aims to reduce sicknesses or diseases (such as lung cancer and respiratory problems) caused by regular cigarettes. This device is designed for people who wish to quit smoking as well as for those who are always open to new, fun filled experiences. Electronic cigarettes is a foundation of quitting smoking, a number of smokers find it absolutely difficult to stop the habit of regularly smoking but it is proven that if you familiarise yourself with this device, you will find it easier to stop smoking. The iClear 30 is not only purchased to reduce smoking, but many consumers are also inquisitive and choose to smoke it as a recreational activity, similar to hookah. This does not imply that the person smokes cigarettes (with tobacco). As the product is new to the market therefore it aims to be highly profitable. Innokin iClear 30 electronic-cigarettes use the following pricing strategies: 1. Product line pricing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this is basically pricing various products within the same product range at different pri ce points. This means the more features that e-cigarette has, the higher the price. 2. Premium pricing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the exclusiveness of the iClear e-cigarette reflects the high price set. The more unique the product is the higher the price. Question 2 Market segmentation refers to the division of segments into smaller, manageable parts with similar characteristics, needs and behaviours in order to reach a common ground with the target market. Marketers usually use three ways in which to segment their market. This is known as the three Broad Market Segmentation approach. It consists of: 1. Concentrated targeting: This market offers a specific segment which can result in greater knowledge in manufacturing and marketing processes. Any business using concentrated targeting is likely to be successful because it only focuses on one segment and it would therefore be more manageable, but it could act as a threat due to the risk involved in the product failing or consum ers who do not accept the product. This could lead to a dramatic decrease in sales. 2. Differentiated targeting: Businesses that are using this target strategies, targets two or more market segments using two or more different marketing strategies. It involves high costs when businesses are trying to improve manufacturing processes and increasing production. This will cause various other costs to increase. 3. Undifferentiated targeting: This targeting strategy is chosen when businesses avoid differences in the market. Businesses offer one specific marketing offering by focusing on the similarities found in the market segment, as opposed to focusing on the differences. The disadvantage of this target approach is that standardized products can cause economies of scale to be achieved. The broad market segmentation approach our product, Innokin iClear 30 e-cigarette uses is concentrated targeting by focusing on one specific target market and that includes everyone between the ages of 16- 55+ years old. This target market has commonalities, in that it caters for smokers who would like to quit the habit as well as for people who appreciate the uniqueness of the product, as well as the benefits and satisfaction this product offers. It is evident that Innokin achieves greater satisfaction by marketing their product at one specific segment. Various aspects can be taken into consideration when choosing to segment the market. The four dimensions for market segmentation are: 1. Geographic Segmentation The iClear 30 e-cigarette is a well-known product all around the world. It can be used in any country, nation, state, region, city or neighbourhood without people from different places wondering or asking what the is. They might enquire about the nearest place to get one but not about what the actual product is. 2. Demographic Segmentation Age: Users of the e-cigarette comes in different age groups ranging from 16-25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55 and the 55+ category. The consumers ranging from age 16 to 25 are more likely to go after the different flavours that are on offer for as it is similar to the hookah pipe they tend to be smoking. The age groups from 26 up are more likely to stick to the tobacco or mint flavoured liquid refill as the cigarette satisfaction is what theyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re after and you wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t always get that from the other flavours because they taste like sweets and fruit. Gender: The e-cigarette is vaporized by both male and female. It does not create a stigma that ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a male only or female only product. The e-cigarette is completely unisex. Family: E-cigarettes are family friendly as it does not produce harmful smoke but rather vapour. Education: The fact that cigarettes are so harmful to the human body due to the tar and burning of tobacco, we are taught that we shouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t smoke. With all that said and done, even from a young age, most of us stil l experiment and eventually end up with smoking as a habit. The e-cigarette was invented to be the non-harmful alternative to smoking as all you inhale and exhale is vapour -which after several tests- has not been found to be harmful to our bodies. Income: People from all different incomes may use the electronic cigarette as the different brands of the device comes in a variety of prices ranging from R200 right up to R1000. Even though the different brands have different prices, they are all the same product and can all use the same liquid refills. 3. Psychographic Segmentation Lifestyle and Social Class: The e-cigarette was invented to create an idea that people who own the device is of a higher social class as those who do not own one. Many smokers are switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes to improve their lifestyles. 4. Behavioral Segmentation User status: Many people of high statuses are switching from cigarettes to the TWISP electronic cigarettes as this is t he most expensive brand. The TWISP is of a higher quality than the other brands and also has five generations of the e-cigarettes. Usage Rate: Smokers who smoke a packet a day are likely to smoke a 200ml liquid refill in 3 to 4 days. These people are likely to be classified as rich as rich as a 200ml bottle of liquid refill costs R200. Benefits sought: People switch from normal cigarettes to the e-cigarettes to get rid of the horrible smell that comes from smoking. Since its vapour coming from the e-cig, you do not get any lingering smells. The other benefit people look for from the e-cigarette is to eventually quit smoking. This is why there is a homeopathic range of liquid refills. The homeopathic range does not contain any nicotine so it helps users to slowly quit smoking. Attitude: The attitude of the consumer toward smoking the e-cigarette is what will eventually help them to quit smoking. If they continue to smoke an entire bottle of liquid refill per day, they will n ever quit smoking unless they switch to the homeopathic range. Question 3 Production- Consumption gaps refer to the place where the goods are manufactured is not necessarily the place in which the goods are consumed. The gaps that affect our product, Innokin iClear e-cigarette are: Space gap: There is a factory in one specific area but the users of these e-cigarettes are located in different areas. This leaves a geographical barrier between the manufacturer and the consumer. Information gap: First time, uninformed buyers might not have sufficient knowledge on this electronic cigarette. A cigarette smoker, who is reluctant on quitting, might decide not to buy an electronic cigarette because they are not very familiar with this product and the easier alternative would be to purchase cigarettes because ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cheaper and easily accessible. An electronic cigarette also requires lots of effort and discipline when trying to kick the habit of tobacco, some people simply donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have the time or patience and therefore return to smoking cigarettes. Value gap: The manufacturer and the consumer of the iClear e-cigarette must agree on the price of the e-cigarette. If consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perception of the product is too expensive, consumers will purchase a cheaper alternative or a cheaper brand of e-cigarettes. All these Production-Consumption gaps can seriously hamper sales for Innokin and this could lead to a drastic decline in production and market share for this company. There are ways in which these gaps can be closed by identifying the Marketing mix that Innokin uses for the iClear e-cigarette. The marketing mix entails the product, price, place and promotion. Product: iClear e-cigarette It is of a great quality. This product is not hazardous and does not produce secondary smoking because it is simply heated nicotine vapour. This e-cigarette can be reused. There are a variety of flavors to choose from and these appeals to users. This will help close the value gap and increase sales. People will add greater value to the product because of all the advantages this product serves. Instruction manuals are distributed when this e-cigarette is bought by consumers. This closes the information gap because more people will become informed as to how the product works as well as the benefits thereof. This will cause sales to increase due to word of mouth. The internet also closes the information gap because if people want to find out more about the product, they can simply research it or they can log onto the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s website. Price: This refers to the price at which the e-cigarette is sold for, taking into consideration all input costs. The iClear e-cigarette retails at a price of R200- R1000. The price range is dependent in the type of e-cigarette consumers wish to purchase. Innokin has a competitive advantage because its competitors, Blu and other Chinese imi tations usaully charge more for e-cigarettes which are of a lower standard and quality than Innokin. This closes the value gap because consumers will agree that this is an acceptable price range that is charged for the iClear e-cigarette because of its outstanding quality that the consumer will derive from purchasing this product. Place: This refers to where the product can be purchased. The Innokin, iClear e-cigarette can be found in most shopping centers and in malls. A wide variety of electronic cigarettes can also be found in high-tech, gadget shops as well as tobacco shops. iClear e-cigarettes can also be purchased online through OLX or Gumtree. This closes the space gap because this product is easily accessible and it can be found in most malls. Promotion: This normally refers to freebies consumers get when purchasing a specific product. With every iClear e-cigarette purchased, consumers get a free liquid nicotine refill. This will increase sales because more peopl e will start buying products and they will save money by having to purchase additional refills. This is also closes the value gap. Question 4 Due to the uniqueness of the product there is more than one type of positioning method used; one based on benefit positioning and another on competitor positioning. Competitor positioning would point to the fact that the company can claim that the Innokin iClear 30 E-Cig is not only healthier but can be used as an alternatively cheaper and more helpful way of quitting or reducing ones intake of cigarettes. Since there is no tar sometimes less tar depending on the syrup one buys for the Innokin iClear it affects ones health on a lower scale than that of cigarettes. A packet of cigarettes on average cost between R22-R35 a packet, a bottle of syrup cost about R50 albeit the fact that it takes longer to smoke a bottle of syrup than a actual packet of cigarettes. The syrup that is smoked also comes in not only a variety of flavours but as well as strength of the syrup once it reaches ones lungs, to help curb or completely remove the need for a cigarette. Benefit positioning would speak to the convenience of the actual product no lighters are needed to smoke, wind as a problem becomes reduce to zero percent(considering the wind can blow out a cigarette or make it difficult to light) and it can be smoked by a touch of a button meaning no pre-mature killing. I suggest the company take up a user positioning strategy to capture a market share mostly ruled by cigarette companies. This would be best achieved by personalisation of the product to a particular shape, style, colour preference or engraving of a userà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name on the Innokin iClear 30 E-Cig. This allows the buyer of the product to have a sense of ownership and uniqueness about the product. This in combination with the other strategies would not only raise the profile of the company but position the Innokin iClear 30 E-Cig as a clear rival to a ny brand of cigarettes out on the market. In conclusion, based on the above mentioned information, Innokin iClear 30, it is evident that the marketing strategies used, are working well with the product and it is inline with the objectives the product hopes to achieve. Success can be measured by the success achieved by Innokin and the turnover the company received since its inception.

The Consumer Protection Act - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2586 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Did you like this example? Summary of Chapter 2: The first part of Consumer Protection Act 1987 is implementing the 1985 EC Directive on Product Liability. Section 2 imposes a new statutory liability on the manufacturer of a faulty product which causes physical harm to a person or other property.[1] The 1987 Act imposed strict liability on manufacturers and producers even in absence of a fault on their part. Many authors, academics and jurists welcomed this no-fault liability approach taken as a result of the 1987 Act.[2] The 1987 Act gave the consumers with a new cause of action in the consumer law context which now exists alongside the causes of action in contract law and in the law of negligence. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Consumer Protection Act" essay for you Create order Parliament intended to confirm severe consequences for damages caused by defective goods, hence liability is made strict. Although the claimant need not show fault in the manufacturing process or elsewhere, he will have to prove defect in the product and also that this defect resulted in loss to consumer. Therefore, the two basic requirements a claimant will need to prove in order to succeed in recovering compensation from manufacturers are defective product and the causal link between the defect and loss suffered. According to the definition provided for in Section 3(1) of the 1987 Act, a product is defective if its safety is not such as persons can generally expect. Section 3(1) therefore provides a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"consumer expectationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ test that has certain gaps. The law does not state the answer as to what a person should generally be entitled to expect. Neither does the 1987 Act provide specific standard against which the conduct of the manufacturer can be mea sured. Clearly, the focus of the test is on personal safety but in the absence of any concentrated treatment as to the standard to be expected from a product. An attempt to construe the term widely has been taken by relevant case laws.[3] But again few cases have been and therefore it cannot be said with confidence that they laid down strong guidelines. Some recent cases have demonstrated reluctance to treat the Section 3 definition broadly.[4] On the substance of obvious vagueness in the meaning of defect in Section 3(1), the 1987 Act makes references to a rundown of variables that must be considered by the Courts while considering the safety of the item. The Court ought to consider the reason for which the item was promoted, directions and warnings, and what may be sensibly anticipated that would be finished with the item and the time when the item was supplied by its maker. The reality in this way remains that a product will not be flawed just if damage results from the produc t. It can likewise be the situation that the components recorded under Section 3(2), can make a perilous item safe for the purposes of the Act.[5] The Court ought to consider the reason for which the product was advertised, guidelines and warnings, and what may be sensibly anticipated that would be finished with the product and the time when the product was supplied by its maker. The actuality along these lines remains that an item wont be blemished just if damages result from the product. It can likewise be the situation that the factors recorded under Section 3(2), can make a faulty product safe for the purposes of the 1987 Act. The issues with the definition of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“defective productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  are large in number. The Section 3(1) definition is extremely unclear and the consumer might find it complex to fulfil this unspecified test. Section 3(2) might help a manufacturer escape liability even if damages resulted from his products. The buyers may not have the ca pacity to prove by citing using expert evidence that the product was faulty due to the deficiencies of the statutory meaning of defect. There is a lack of authority in case law regarding resolving the issues as very few cases come before the Courts under the 1987 Act. Then again, it can be contended that the issue with the meaning of defective product is decently supported. Risk is strict and henceforth makers will be considered mindful regardless of the possibility that they are not at fault. Section 3 would then aid the manufacturer to demonstrate that the product is not defective according to the prerequisites of law. From this point of view, apparently, the law strikes a parity leaving something for the maker to contend to support them also. On the other hand, remembering the setting of the Act and intention to protect consumers, the risky meaning of defective product ought to offer ascent to concerns which ought to be tended to as needs be. Common law protection Despite t he introduction of strict liability for defective products by the 1987 Act, common-law liability remains. It is not unusual for an injured party to rely on the tort of negligence, for instance in cases where the claimant has exhausted the limitation period or in a case where the damaged property was intended for commercial use. With a specific end goal to profit from such protection it is not sufficient to demonstrate that the product had a defect any longer. The potential claimant must show that the accused maker owed him/her a duty of care, that this duty was breached by not taking reasonable care, and that this breach was the principle or possibly significant reason for the damage. He/she will then need to show that such harm was reasonably foreseeable. As mentioned above, Donoghue v Stevenson made clear that a manufacturer owes a duty of care to the ultimate consumer of his products. In practice, it will be enough for the claimant to adduce sufficient evidence to justify t he inference of the manufacturerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s negligence without being required to specify what caused the defect. Damages awarded in a successful negligence claim are generally intended to compensate for any losses incurred by the claimant as a result of the negligently caused defect. Damages are available for death or personal injury caused to the claimant and for damage to his or her property, other than damage to the defective product itself, which is generally not recoverable. Pure economic loss caused by the defect is not recoverable. Although the usual remedy is compensatory damages, exemplary or punitive damages are available in principle when the defendant has shown a deliberate, total disregard for the claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights, in addition to a very high degree of negligence. Having said that, in practice the courts are reluctant to award exemplary damages. Summary of Chapter 3: Although the 1987 Act provisions strict liability on the manufactur ers, it also provides provisions for defences that might be relied upon by the defendants once the claimant proves loss suffered from defective products. The statutory defences are contained in sections 4, 6(4) and 6(5) of the 1987 Act. It can be safely concluded that the only controversial defence under the Act is the defence stated in section 4(1)(e), the other provisions being fairly simple.[6] Moreover, inconsistency in the judicial approach to this defence poses further problem in relation to the defence. As with the meaning of defect, the reported case laws on section 4(1)(e) defence is very few and hence the guidelines have not been so convoluted. Section 4(1)(e) defence is also known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“development risk defence.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [7] Section 4(l)(e) states that it is a defence if the defendant is able show that the state of scientific knowledge at the time that the product was supplied by the defendant was not such as that a manufacturer of similar products mi ght be expected to have discovered the defect. It seems that the language of the defence suggests it would be available when the defect is not noticeable in the context of the knowledge available. Again, this is a very wide defence which might be invoked by any manufacturer. As knowledge of the producer becomes a major factor in this defence, the strict liability element under the 1987 Act gets reduced. This is why the defence is said to be controversial. However, on balance the defence has justification. It only comes into play once defect is proved by the claimant. The burden of proof lies with the defendant to prove this defence and there is a presumption that manufacturers have knowledge of the defect in the product unless proven otherwise. Therefore, it can be argued that it is not an easy defence to successfully plead because of the nature of burden imposed on the manufacturers. Section 4(1)(e) reveals that the 1987 Act has tried to bring subjectivity into the objective nature of the defence originally provided in the Directive. The defence has been tested, however unsuccessfully, in the Court of Justice.[8] The Court of Justice found that the wording of Section 4(1)(e) is not conflicting with the Union methodology and thus the defence under the 1987 Act was found to have been truly authorized. The Court of Justice, be that as it may, kept up that the UK courts would need to approach the defence in accordance with EU law and case laws judged by the Court of Justice. This perspective was accordingly acknowledged and connected in of A and Abouzaid. The defence would not cover a defect of a known character and thus it has very limited implications.[9] Alternate necessities of Section 4(1)(e) has made it an extremely troublesome defence to argue. In any case, Chadwick LJ has kept up that this defence may confine the part of strict product liability.[10] Other case laws held that the defence can only be relied upon in cases where the risk is unforeseeab le risks,[11] and therefore the scope of pleading the defence is very constricted. On parity, regardless of the fact that the defence looks extremely disputable, there are different adjusting components that are portrayed above in light of which it can be contended that the development risk defence wont make any issue in holding the makers strictly liable for defective products. Conclusion: Strikingly little utilization has been made of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 since its sanctioning on March 1, 1988. Regardless of the appearing appeal to consumers of a compensation framework taking into strict liability without flaw, buyers have for the most part decided to benefit themselves of different remedies. An obvious advantage of statutory product liability regime as opposed to negligence-based product liability is that it establishes a strict liability regime and therefore removes the requirement to prove fault in relation to defectiveness of the relevant product. By the b y, in light of the above discussions, it creates the impression that the UK has a successful consumer protection administration at present. By forcing an extremely strict liability initiative for flawed products on somebody who is regarded to be the maker of the item, the law-making body has been fruitful in lessening number of injuries or deaths caused by defective products. The Act gives, or if nothing else, looks to give, a course for the customer to look for change against the individual who is eventually in responsible for the loss suffered. Part I of the Consumer Protection Act 1987, by implementing the EC Product Liability Directive, introduces strict (no-fault) liability for death, personal injury and damage to personal property caused wholly or partly by a defect in any product.[12] Accordingly the Act makes a radical and expansive legitimate administration for product liability and product safety which is essentially vital to protect consumers. From the start, the Act m akes it all that much less demanding for injured parties to bring, and succeed in, pay claims. The rules supplement existing UK civil law on product liability rather than replacing it.[13] For effectively bringing a claim under the 1987 Act, the claimant would need to demonstrate that he has suffered loss and damage that has been brought about by a defect in the product. Along these lines, the importance of defective product has generous significance in this connection and the same has been depicted, however in dubious and loose terms, in Section 3(1) of the 1987 Act that accommodates an extremely wide consumer expectation test. The meaning of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“defectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  lies in the grey and is neither clear nor straightforward. It is uncertain as to what persons generally are entitled to expect. Despite the fact that A v National Blood Authority has endeavoured to give the term a more extensive significance, the Court of Appeal chose to translate the term prohibitiv ely in Tesco Stores Ltd v Pollard. Additionally, the purchaser may think that it hard to demonstrate to the Courts fulfilment that the item has been defective because of absence of expert evidence. Besides, the factors under Section 3(2) would need to be considered by the Court while surveying the product defect and this may be to some degree worthwhile for the manufacturers who might have the capacity to demonstrate that they have taken steps to minimise or avoid the danger. These encompassing contentions with respect to the test of defective product have made the law in this admiration truly unverifiable that ought to be a matter of concern in the consumer protection context. The alleged development risk defence accessible for the manufacturers under Section 4(1)(e) of the 1987 Act has been termed as a disputable defence by numerous academics, judges and authors.[14] The defence disputably gives procurement to exception from liability of the manufacturers can demonstrate that t he defect was not reasonably discoverable in the light of accessible knowledge. Seemingly, this some way or another undermines the strict liability framework brought into force by the 1987 Act as the defendants knowledge would likewise get to be to a degree significant while deciding their liability. The Act has attempted to bring some subjectivity into the objectivity of the defence initially gave in the European Directive. Then again, three focuses may be raised while supporting this defence. Firstly, the defence is reliable with the soul and intention of the European Directive and this is expressed by the Court of Justice itself.[15] Besides, the defendant bears a substantial burden in the event that he wishes to argue this defence in light of the fact that the assumption is that the maker knows of the defect unless the proved to the contrary. At last, the defence must be argued in appreciation of unforeseeable dangers,[16] known risks are not covered. Henceforth it can be con tended that the development risk defence does not represent any certifiable risk towards the strict liability administration presented under the Act. The success of the claimants in A and Others has come as a welcome confirmation that despite the inclusion of the development risks defence, some of the reforms has been achieved. 1 | Page [1]Jane Stapleton à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Software, information and the concept of productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1989) 9 Tel Aviv U. Stud. L. 147 [2] Geraint Howells and Mark Mildred à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Infected Blood: Defect and Discoverability A First Exposition of the EC Product Liability Directiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2002) 65 Mod. L. Rev. 95 [3]A v National Blood Authority [2001] 3 All ER 289 [4]Tesco Stores Ltd v Pollard [2006] EWCA Civ 393; (2006) 103(17) L.S.G. 23 (CA (CivDiv)) [5] Consumer Protection Act 1987, s 3(2) [6] The Rt. Hon. Lord Griffiths à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Developments in the law of product liabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1987) 12 Holdsworth L. Rev. 1, 13 [7] Simon Deakin, Angus Johnston, Basil Markesinis, Markesinis and Deakinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Tort Law (6th edition, Oxford University Press 2008) 739 [8]Commission v UK Case C-300/95, [1997] ECR I-2649; [1997] All ER (EC) 391 [9]Richardson v LRC Products Ltd [2000] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s R ep Med 280 [10]Abouzaid v Mothercare (UK) Ltd [2001] All E.R. (D) 2436, CA [11]A v National Blood Authority [2001] 3 All ER 289 [12]Linda Spedding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"New Product Liability and Safety Regime in the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1988) 16 Intà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢l Bus. Law [13]Linda Spedding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"New Product Liability and Safety Regime in the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1988) 16 Intà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢l Bus. Law [14] The Rt. Hon. Lord Griffiths à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Developments in the law of product liabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1987) 12 Holdsworth L. Rev. 1, 13 [15]Commission v UK Case C-300/95, [1997] ECR I-2649; [1997] All ER (EC) 391 [16]A v National Blood Authority [2001] 3 All ER 289

Aluminum or Aluminium Alloys - List

An aluminum alloy is a composition consisting mainly of aluminum to which other elements have been added. The alloy is made by mixing together the elements when aluminum is molten (liquid), which cools to form a homogeneous solid solution. The other elements may make up as much as 15 percent of the alloy by mass. Added elements include iron, copper, magnesium, silicon, and zinc. The addition of elements to the aluminum gives the alloy improved strength, workability, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and/or density, compared with the pure metallic element. Aluminum alloys tend to be lightweight and corrosion resistant. List of Aluminum Alloys This is a list of some important aluminum or aluminium alloys. AA-8000: used for building wire per the National Electrical CodeAlclad: aluminum sheet made by bonding high-purity aluminum to a high strength core materialAl-Li (lithium, sometimes mercury)Alnico (aluminum, nickel, copper)Birmabright (aluminum, magnesium)Duralumin (copper, aluminum)Hindalium (aluminum, magnesium, manganese, silicon)Magnalium (5% magnesium)Magnox (magnesium oxide, aluminum)Nambe (aluminum plus seven other unspecified metals)Silumin (aluminum, silicon)Titanal (aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper, zirconium)Zamak (zinc, aluminum, magnesium, copper)Aluminum forms other complex alloys with magnesium, manganese, and platinum Identifying Aluminum Alloys Alloys have common names, but they may be identified using a four-digit number. The first digit of the number identifies the class or series of alloy. 1xxx - Commercially pure aluminum also has a four-digit numerical identifier. Series 1xxx alloys are made of 99 percent or higher purity aluminum. 2xxx - The principal alloying element in the 2xxx series is copper. Heat treating these alloys improves their strength. These alloys are strong and tough, but not as corrosion resistant as other aluminum alloys, so they are usually painted or coated for use. The most common aircraft alloy is 2024. Alloy 2024-T351 is among the hardest of the aluminum alloys. 3xxx - The main alloying element in this series is manganese, usually with a smaller amount of magnesium. The most popular alloy from this series is 3003, which is workable and moderately strong. 3003 is used to make cooking utensils. Alloy 3004 is one of the alloys used to make aluminum cans for beverages. 4xxx - Silicon is added to aluminum to make 4xxx alloys. This lowers the melting point of the metal without making it brittle. This series is used to make welding wire. Alloy 4043 is used to make filler alloys for welding cars and structural elements. 5xxx - The principal alloying element in the 5xxx series is magnesium. These alloys are strong, weldable, and resist marine corrosion. The 5xxx alloys are used to make pressure vessels and storage tanks and for various marine applications. Alloy 5182 is used to make the lid of aluminum beverage cans. So, aluminum cans actually consist of at least two alloys! 6xxx - Silicon and magnesium are present in 6xxx alloys. The elements combine to form magnesium silicide. These alloys are formable, weldable, and heat treatable. They have good corrosion resistance and moderate strength. The most common alloy in this series is 6061, which is used to make truck and boat frames. Extrusion products from the 6xxx series are used in architecture and to make the iPhone 6. 7xxx - Zinc is the principal alloying element in the series starting with the number 7. The resulting alloy is heat-treatable and very strong. Important alloys are 7050 and 7075, both used to construct aircraft. 8xxx - These are aluminum alloys made with other elements. Examples include 8500, 8510, and 8520. 9xxx - Presently, the series starting with the number 9 is unused. What Is the Strongest Aluminum Alloy? Manganese added to aluminum increases its strength and yields an alloy with excellent workability and corrosion resistance. The highest strength alloy in the non-heat-treatable grade is alloy 5052. Aluminum Alloy Classification In general, the two broad categories of aluminum alloys are wrought alloys and casting alloys. Both of these groups are subdivided into heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable types. Around 85% of aluminum is used in wrought alloys. Cast alloys are relatively inexpensive to produce because of their low melting point, but they tend to have lower tensile strengths than their wrought counterparts. Sources Davis, J.R. (2001). Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys. Alloying: Understanding the Basics. pp. 351–416.Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003). Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (9th ed.). Wiley. p. 133. ISBN 0-471-65653-4.Kaufman, John Gilbert (2000). Applications for Aluminium Alloys and Tempers. Introduction to aluminum alloys and tempers. ASM International. pp. 93–94. ISBN 978-0-87170-689-8.

The United States And The World War II - 1537 Words

The United States might not be the perfect country in the world, but it is one of the most victorious countries of today’s world. Our country’s huge history consist of a great amount of important and momentous events that have lead our country into the place we know now. As a country we have had our fair share or triumph crisis and everything in between. But overall the most important event in the history of the United States is the World War II, there is a lot of reason why World War II is one of the most important event. One it lead us to a big important step in technology and it put down the groundwork that allowed post-war social changes involving the end of European colonialism. It also brought the civil right movement and todays†¦show more content†¦The war also cause the mark of the beginning of the atomic age and it was quickly followed by the collapse of the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union and the beginning of the Cold W ar. World War I cause the situations to start the beginning of the World War II. The ending of the war was a peace settlement, which remove the Central Powers of territory and arms and it was obligatory for them to pay reparations left in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Turkey. The peace treaty also disappointed two of the victors, which was Italy and Japan. The war also helped set the stage for the Great Depression of the 1930s and it also harshly disrupted Europe’s economies. World War II transformed the American home front. The war gave a boost in the economy by ending Depression-era unemployment, relocated Americans in unprecedented numbers, and permanently altered the status of women, adolescents, and racial minorities in American life. In addition World War II also had a dramatic impact on women s lives. The most noticeable change that involved during the war was the image of large numbers of women in uniforms, as more than 250,000 women joined the WACs, the Ar my Nurses Corps, the WAVES, and the Navy Nurses Corps. The war also provoked or confronted the traditional appearance of a female behavior, as Rosie the Riveter

How Vehicle Emissions Is Always Being Discussed By People...

The topic of vehicle emissions is always being discussed by people of all different fields. Engineers look at the problem as â€Å"How can we design vehicles to be more fuel efficient?†. On the other hand, environmentalist look at the problem as â€Å"How can we stop this?†. Authors Khan, ABM S; Clark, Nigel N; Gautam, Mridul; Wayne, W Scott; Thompson, Gregory J and Lyons, Donald W from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at West Virginia University in Morgantown have written an article for the â€Å"Journal of the Air Waste Management Association† on the topic of vehicle emissions. The article is titled Idle emissions from medium heavy-duty diesel and gasoline trucks, the most of the contents of the article are results from an†¦show more content†¦Therefore the intended audience is other professionals or students in academic settings. Each author is credible based on their degree and organization. The â€Å"Idle emissions† aut hors write for the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering which is in West Virginia University, which establishes their credibility to write and discuss the topics in the article. Similarly, the â€Å"Hybrid Vehicle† authors have also established their credibility on the topic by working for the Faculty of Engineering at the International Islamic University Malaysia. Authors from both articles are equal when talking about credibility. The â€Å"Idle emissions† authors are not making an argument, at least not directly. Their article is in the format of a report. The contents are that of an experiment the authors have conducted on certain gasoline/diesel trucks. All trucks varied in age and engine displacement(which is the volume of the engines cylinders). The authors ran all vehicles engines at idle speeds(not pushing down on the accelerator) and while each vehicle was running, they measured the amount of exhaust that came out of each vehicle. Next, they an alyzed the contents of the exhaust. The authors found that certain molecules were emitted more from gasoline vehicles than diesel and vice versa. However, there was a trend in the data collected. The newer model vehicles emitted less than the older vehicles even though the vehicle was the same model. Similarly, the

The Process of Successful Change Free Essays

The Process of Successful Change Norma Taylor HCS 325 July 10, 2012 The Process of Successful Change There are many responsibilities involved with the title of manager. Implementing and rolling out change to your employees can be overwhelming. There are different techniques used to ensure a smooth, uneventful transition to change. We will write a custom essay sample on The Process of Successful Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some techniques are not as useful and successful as others, depending on what type of change is involved. Motivational techniques to implement change in a company are not an easy task, but it is possible. Expectancy theory, two-factor theory, goal-setting theory, and equity theory are a few different techniques that I would use in my company. The expectancy theory is a unique way to motivate employees during a time of change. Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory suggests that â€Å"people will do what they can do when they want to do it† (Lombardi Schermerhorn, 2007). This theory depends on three different factors: Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence. Expectancy is the belief that working hard will result in a desired level of task achieved. Instrumentality is defined as a person’s belief that successful performance will be rewarded and has other good outcomes. Valance is the value a person assigns to the possible rewards and other work related outcomes. There are pros and cons to the expectancy theory. One pro is that this theory is a commonly recognized for supporting an employee’s decision-making method. A shortcoming of this theory is that it has numerous elements that may make this theory not as successful. For example, this theory does not take the emotional state of the individual into consideration. The individual’s personality, abilities, skills, knowledge as well as previous experiences are factors that may affect the outcome of this model. The expectancy theory of motivation is a â€Å"perception† based model. The manager needs to guess the motivational force (the value) of a reward for an employee. The theory can be difficult to implement in the group environment (Leadership-Central. com, 2012). As a leader using the expectancy theory, I would set realistic goals for the employees. In addition, I would also ensure that they are setting realistic goals for themselves. Failure to set a realistic goal will result in a low motivation as the expectancy will yield a low result. Rewards are a form of motivation to everyone and I would set realistic rewards. As a leader I need to understand what my employee’s value and I would link the reward with the goal. The trick here is to ensure that you operate within your constraints as well as make sure not to exaggerate the reward in comparison to the effort they will need to express. High reward with low effort will create an expectation effect and may work against you. I believe the expectancy theory technique would work well in a small office. Implementing change and offering a reward to committed employees with positive results will give effective outcomes. The two-factor theory is another motivational techniques used in the workplace developed by Frederick Herzberg. This theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction as well as a separate set of factors that cause dissatisfaction. This theory used as a motivational technique can cause great outcomes in the workplace. Job satisfaction can be achieved in the simplest ways. Acknowledging great performance would give employees a sense of job satisfaction at their workplace, thus creating a positive outcome. According to Herzberg job satisfaction can be a sense of achievement, feelings of recognition, sense of responsibility, opportunity for advancement and feelings of personal growth (Lombardi ; Schermerhorn, 2007). Job gratification can indicate a great degree of incentive or productivity with workers. J. Stacy Adams developed the equity theory, which assists in the explanation that wages and environments do not conclude motivation to employees. His theory indicates that the perceived unfairness is a motivating state. When people believe they have been inequitably treated in comparison to others, they will try to eradicate the discomfort and reestablish a sense of fairness to the situation (Lombardi ; Schermerhorn, 2007). As a leader this type of motivation is essential to a work environment. According to Adams’ prediction, he believes that employees would deal with unfairness by changing their work contributions and decreasing their labor. He also believes that employees will ask for incentives, or simply terminate their position in the company because of unfair or unjust treatment compared to fellow employees. Treating everyone equally and fair is a practice required in any type of work environment. Using this tool as a motivation to implement change would be necessary. It would aid in the impartiality of rewards for doing an excellent job during the change as well as the reprimands needed for employees not embracing the change as necessary. In 1960’s, Edwin Locke put forward the goal-setting theory of motivation. This theory states that goal setting is essentially linked to task performance. The theory states that specific and challenging goals along with appropriate feedback contribute to higher and better task performance. In simple words, goals indicate, and give direction to an employee about what needs to be done and how much effort is required. This is one of my favorite theories because I believe that it is the most effective theory to use when implementing a change in a work setting. There are numerous important features in this theory. For example, Edwin Locke states that the employee’s willingness to work toward the attainment of a goal is a main source of job motivation. A clear, difficult, and specific goals are greater motivating factors than having easy, general and vague goals. Specific and clear goals lead to greater output and better performance (Management Study Guide, 2012). Goals ought to be reasonable and challenging to give employees a sense of gratification and accomplishment when attained. The more challenging the goal, the greater the reward, and the higher the employee’s desire are for achieving it. Feedback is a means of gaining reputation, making clarifications and regulating goal. There are many theories to implement change and motivate employees; some may work while others may not. Change in a workplace is a process. As a leader I would start with what would benefit the company. Once the notice of change has been communicated, setting up training would be the next step. Using the goal-setting theory I would let the employees know clearly what is expected from them and continue to implement the change. To motivate the workers and make the change a little more pleasant, I would reward them once the goal is achieved. Change is not always bad, but it is definitely a challenging task, because of the various needs and desires of each individual. References In-Tuition. (2012). Follow These Strategies for Managing Change. Retrieved from http://www. practical-management-skills. com/strategies-for-mamaging-change. htm How to cite The Process of Successful Change, Essay examples

ASX Historical Market Statistics

Question: Discuss about the case study ASX for Historical Market Statistics. Answer: Introduction: 1. Share market is a place where the buying and selling of shares and other securities takes place. There are three parties involved in a share market, the investor, companies whose shares are bought and sold and the brokers who do the buying and selling. For a companys shares to be traded on ASX, it should be listed with ASX. All the buyers and sellers in the share market have uniform information as the ASX requires companies to disclose any vital information likely to affect its share price. Hence, no one investor can take advantage of company information. In a share market there are two prices bid and an offer. If shares are bought of a company, the order is called bid and if shares are to be sold, it is called offer. The ASX has a computerised trading system which matches the bids with offers and a trade is created. The buyer and seller will inform to the stock broker about the quantities and best price of shares they are willing to trade. Or they may also be prepared to take whatever best price is selling in the market. Once buying and selling takes place, the shares will be recorded as bought or sold and the ownership of the shares will be transferred from the seller to the buyer in three days. The shares are traded through a licensed stock broker as they are only authorized to sell in stock market. The brokers charge a brokerage for the services provided which is usually a small percentage of the transaction amount. The current top 20 shares by value as provided on the website of ASX is presented below: Company $ Value traded Woolworths 291,305,380.05 CWLTH Bank 152,107,479.65 ANZ Bank 111,859,506.07 BHP Billiton 109,208,937.53 Westpac 103,152,945.81 CSL 85,058,382.95 Telstra 79,218,155.65 NAT. Bank 78,820,604.01 Newcrest 75,667,764.68 Wesfarmer 72,947,052.13 Rio Tinto 69,608,749.71 Woodside 59,531,824.17 Spark INFR 50,935,054.40 AGL Energy 50,152,765.44 Macq Group 46,676,133.11 AMP 42,448,301.88 Fortescue 41,098,662.69 Stockland 39,395,918.79 Scentre 35,458,955.96 Bramb Ltd. 34,882,361.49 There are 2204 companies listed on ASX as on June, 2016. There were 2223 companies listed on ASX in the year 2008. (ASX, 2016). There has been a decrease of 0.8% in the number of listed entities. 2. Financial accounting is the process of recording, summarizing and presenting the transactions of a company for a specific period in the financial statements which include balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement and changes in equity. The financial statements are external in nature as they are prepared for third parties i.e. investors, suppliers government etc. since the statements are used by different people, there are certain accounting rules according to which they should be prepared known as accounting standards. The managers of the company can use these statements to evaluate the companys performance. the various tools that can be used by the managers to analyze performance and thereby help in decision making include ratio analysis, break even analysis, contribution margin, cost volume profit analysis and operational leverage. Management Accounting is the process of collecting, measuring and communicating the information in such a way that the information is used by the top management to formulate policies and strategies for the organisation. Also the information helps management to plan and control the operations of the company. (Malik, NA). Management accounting helps the managers in managing the resources and people to create value for the organisation and provides the necessary information which helps in decision making and ultimately leads to attainment of organisational goals effectively. (Kidane, 2012). The various tools include ABC costing, quality management tools, SWOT, PEST, Balance Scorecard, porters five force model etc. (CGMA, 2016) 3. An incorporated business is an entity separate from its owners. Though incorporation involves a lot of paperwork and is an expensive process, however there are many advantages to incorporation which are discussed below: Limited Liability the liability of the owners/shareholders is limited i.e. the shareholders is personally not liable for the companys debts. The shareholder is liable only for the amount that he has invested in the company and a creditor cannot sue the shareholders or directors for any company liabilities, rather he can seek payment only from the company assets. The company exists as a separate legal entity. Lower taxes corporation tax is different from individual tax and is usually lower. Moreover the corporation can reduce its profits by deducting all operating expenses, employee benefits, health benefits and contribution to pensions and retirement plans for employees, thus reducing the profit and therefore taxes. Easier access to capital it is easier to raise capital through issue of shares by corporations. Also corporations can easily avail loans from banks. With so many alternative of capital sourcing, corporation can expand and develop its business. Perpetual existence corporations are separate legal business entity and do not come to an end with the death of its managers, shareholders or directors. As such corporation can undertake long term planning and thereby a favourable financing. 4. In todays competitive world, it is very important to have the basic ethical principles intact in a person in carrying out business. Ethical principles are standards of the right and wrong behaviour of an individual or a company that they should engage or not engage in. In order to be a good business executive, it is important to have a good character and reputation in the company because the ethical practises of senior leaders establish the ethical standards in an organisation. There are twelve ethical principles that one should abide by which include honesty, integrity, fulfilling commitments, loyalty, fairness, caring, respect for others, commitment to excellence, law abiding, maintain company reputation and accountability. In the present case there are three courses of action, ethical issues and principles for each course is discussed below: 1. If the manager declares his interest and steps out of the decision making process, he is being honest and maintaining his integrity as by declaring his interest, he would lose the opportunity to win the tender for his interest company and thus may lose making money. However by stepping outside the decision making process, the manager is not being loyal to the company. A manager is said to be loyal if he can make professional judgements independently. The interest of the company should be over all other personal interests. By not participating in the decision process, the manager is not being committed to the company. 2. If the manager declares his interest and participates in the decision making process, he is exhibiting loyalty, integrity, honesty and fairness ethical principles. 3. If the manager does not declare his interest and continues being part of the decision making process, he is being unethical since he is hiding a material fact from his company which may have an influence in the decision making process. This shows he is dishonest, disloyal and not being fair in his dealings. 4. Declaring his interest and participating in the decision making process is the best course of action for the manager as this would be the most ethical behaviour where he would have been honest by declaring his interest and also loyal by abiding by his duties as a senior business executive. The manager should keep the companys interest above his personal interest in carrying out his duties. Reference ASX, 2016, ASX Tutorial: What is the Share market, accessed online on 26th July, 2016 available at, https://www.asx.com.au/videos/2012/whatisthesharemarket_tutorial/ ASX, 2016, Top 20 Shares by Value, [Online], available at, https://www.asx.com.au/data/dw_sharesbyvalue.pdf [Accessed on 26th July, 2016] ASX, 2016, Historical Market Statistics, [Online], available at,https://www.asx.com.au/about/historical-market-statistics.htm#No. of Companies and securities listed on ASX [Accessed on 26th July, 2016] CGMA, (2016), Essential Tools for Management Accountants, [Online], available at https://www.cgma.org/Resources/Tools/essential-tools/Pages/list.aspx?TestCookiesEnabled=redirect [Accessed on 26th July, 2016] Malik, N.S., (NA), Management Accounting: Nature and Scope, [Online], available at, https://www.ddegjust.ac.in/studymaterial/mcom/mc-105.pdf [Accessed on 26th July, 2016] Kidane, F., (2012), Decision Making and the Role of Management Accounting Function A Review of Empirical Literature, Journal of Radix International Educational and Research Consortium, Vol. 1, no. 4 Josephson, M., (2015), 12 Ethical Principles for Business Executives, [Online], available at https://www.standardizations.org/bulletin/?p=13 [Accessed on 26th July, 2016] Colville, J., (2000), Incorporation: Pros and Cons, Accountancy

The Causes of Obesity and Its Effects on Fertility

Obesity is one of the problems that medical workers pay attention to since it leads to various health complications such cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, or diabetes (Ryan 42). Furthermore, this disorder can significantly impair the quality of a person’s life. This paper is aimed at discussing the causes of this disorder and its effects on fertility.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Causes of Obesity and Its Effects on Fertility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the whole, one can say that the obesity can be attributed to various factors such as people’s lifestyles and genetic peculiarities of an individual (Ryan 42). In turn, overweight significantly decreases the fertility of both males and females through various mechanisms such as the change sperm proteins. These are the main questions that should be examined more closely because they affect the lives of many people. Researchers believe that overweight can caused by a combination of several factors. In particular, one should speak about sedentary lifestyle that is widespread among many people. This problem is particularly relevant to males who often do not take any physical exercises (Ryan 42). Apart from that, scientists focus on inappropriate eating habits that are also widespread nowadays. The main problem is that some people consume products that are rich in sugar, fats, and other substances that cannot be easily absorbed by the body (Ryan 42). Apart from that, one should bear in mind that some people may not be able to afford healthy food. Therefore, there is a socio-economic aspect of overweight. Finally, scientists note that that some people can have a genetic predisposition to overweight. In particular, it is possible to mention Prader-Willi Syndrome or MOMO Syndrome (Ryan 42). Nevertheless, in most cases, overweight can be explained by a lifestyle of an individual, especially his/her diet. This is one of the main aspects that should be considered because it is critical for averting various health complications. It is also vital to discuss the effects of obesity on fertility. Researchers note that overweight decreases male fertility in several ways. In particular, this problem leads to the reduction of semen quality, erectile dysfunction, and the change of sperm proteins (Cabler et al.480). This is one of the reasons why many males may often become infertile at a very early age. One should bear in mind that obese males have decreased levels of androgen, and this deficiency impairs spermatogenesis (Cabler et al. 483). It is possible to identify genetic, physical, and hormonal mechanisms in which fertility decreases males fertility (Cabler et al. 483). Currently, there are several forms of therapy that are available to men who struggle with infertility.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re For example, one can mention exogenous testosterone replacement therapy (Cabler et al. 480). Nevertheless, more attention should be paid to the change in one’s lifestyle. These are some of the main issues that should not be overlooked by people who struggle with such problems. Apart from that, researchers point out that obesity significantly impairs female fertility. For instance, the studies suggest that ovarian failure and menopause are more likely to take place earlier, provided that a woman has extra weight (Zain and Norman 185). Additionally, obesity is related to such problems as amenorrhea, menstrual abnormalities, oligomenorrhea that decrease a woman’s ability to bear children (Zain and Norman 191). These are some of the main risks that can be identified. Moreover, overweight increases the risk of perinatal risks and congenital abnormalities (Zain and Norman 191). Therefore, one can say that obesity can be a significant obstacle to pregnancy since it resul ts in various prenatal complications. More importantly, the life of a mother and a child can be imperiled. This is why obesity attracts close attention of obstetricians who must safeguard mothers against various risks. It should be kept in mind that infertility is a very complex problem that cannot be explained only by overweight. At this point, this problem is examined by many scientists and medical workers. They want to understand the exact mechanisms of this phenomenon. It cannot be attributed only to a single cause or factor. Such an assumption can hardly be called accurate. Nonetheless, overweight can play an important role, and people should pay attention to their lifestyles in order to avoid the risks of infertility or various complications during pregnancy. This is one of the main points that can be made. Therefore, appropriate diet and active lifestyle are critical people’s ability to have children as well as their health. On the whole, this discussion suggests that obesity produces a great number of adverse impacts on the health of a person. The underlying cases of obesity are related to such factors as lack of physical exercises, genetic predispositions, and eating habits of people. This disorder is associated with various complications. It decreases the fertility of both males and females.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Causes of Obesity and Its Effects on Fertility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These impacts can manifest themselves in different ways. For instance, it can reduce the quality of semen in males or increase the likelihood of menopause in women. These are some of the main risks that should be averted. This is why obesity poses a great challenge to many people. Works Cited Cabler, Stephanie, Ashok Agarwal, Margot Flint, and Stefan S. Du Plessis. â€Å"Obesity: Modern Man’s Fertility Nemesis.† Asian Journal Of Andrology 12.4 (2010): 480-48 9. Print. Ryan, Mary. â€Å"Causes and Consequences of Obesity.† Irish Medical Times 45.47 (2011): 42-43. Print. Zain, Murizah M., and Robert J. Norman. â€Å"Impact of Obesity on Female Fertility and Fertility Treatment.† Women’s Health 4.2 (2008): 183-94. Print. This essay on The Causes of Obesity and Its Effects on Fertility was written and submitted by user Haylie Olson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample Essay For Middle School - How to Find Out What Type of Students You Are

Sample Essay For Middle School - How to Find Out What Type of Students You AreHaving a sample essay for middle school is not at all difficult if you take the right steps. With this sample essay, you will be able to step right into this big time learning process.The first thing that you need to do is to decide the topic of your essay. After all, this is your first step in making it effective. You also need to find out what type of student that you are dealing with.Once you know this, you can now proceed to preparing your particular essay. If you have read some ideas on how to write an essay, then it would be a good idea to put them into practice and adapt them. This way, you will be able to have a better grade and you will also be sure that you will be able to get the grades that you want.Most teachers would require you to read some sample essays before they will let you start writing a sample essay for middle school. With this kind of instruction, you will be able to find out which t opic to choose. However, it would be best if you can not choose a topic that you are not familiar with. It would be better if you can narrow down your choices.Now, you need to find out which specific student you are dealing with. If you can not figure out why the student is doing something, then it would be better for you to choose something else. As mentioned earlier, you should only choose something that is related to the subject of your writing.The next thing that you need to do is to find out the kind of essay that you will be doing. This is very important because the student will be making the decision as to whether or not he or she will choose this specific type of essay. It would be a good idea for you to choose one that is recommended by the teacher.Finally, you need to make sure that you have all the materials ready for your essay. You should also have the amount of time that you will need for it. Make sure that you will not waste time and effort if you are going to write t his specific essay.All in all, having a sample essay for middle school would be a great help for you. You will be able to write the essay on your own and also improve on your own.

Free Essays on The Begining Of Womens Revolution

The Beginning of Women’s Revolution The seed for women’s Rights had begun as early as 1840. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, along with Lucretia C. Mott and Susan B. Anthony, were the early leaders of the Women’s Rights movement. Sojourner Truth played a part in the movement also. Elizabeth Stanton was a well-educated lady in her early twenties. What sparked her interest in women’s rights was when she was listening to a debate over woman’s place in anti-slavery society. Stanton felt â€Å"humiliated and cargined† at what she heard. (400). Lucretia Mott, Mott was a Quaker and a feminist. What a pair they would make. The two women vowed that they would start a movement back in the states for Women’s Rights. This did not happen as soon as they would have liked. Stanton devoted her time to her family back in Boston, and participated a little. Stanton’s husband became ill, forcing her and her family to move to Seneca Falls, NY, where she once again visited the idea of having a convention on Women’s Rights. She became frustrated with the towns people because their way of thinking seemed small. Stanton meets up with Lucretia again, and that’s when they decided to go forth with their original plan-start a conversation over the place of women. These two women were determined to this and make it work. They joined with three of Mott’s friends to plan a convention in Seneca Falls. Mott’s had the experience and knows how to form the meetings, whereas Stanton felt helpless in that area. These women expressed their Grievance they decided to model the â€Å"Declaration of Rights and Sentiments†(401) on the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration drew attention, it demanded the right to vote, equality, property right, education, employment, divorce, and in court. Many people turned out to the meeting, one man in particular, Frederick Douglas a prominent black man, a free slave, and owner of the North ... Free Essays on The Begining Of Women's Revolution Free Essays on The Begining Of Women's Revolution The Beginning of Women’s Revolution The seed for women’s Rights had begun as early as 1840. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, along with Lucretia C. Mott and Susan B. Anthony, were the early leaders of the Women’s Rights movement. Sojourner Truth played a part in the movement also. Elizabeth Stanton was a well-educated lady in her early twenties. What sparked her interest in women’s rights was when she was listening to a debate over woman’s place in anti-slavery society. Stanton felt â€Å"humiliated and cargined† at what she heard. (400). Lucretia Mott, Mott was a Quaker and a feminist. What a pair they would make. The two women vowed that they would start a movement back in the states for Women’s Rights. This did not happen as soon as they would have liked. Stanton devoted her time to her family back in Boston, and participated a little. Stanton’s husband became ill, forcing her and her family to move to Seneca Falls, NY, where she once again visited the idea of having a convention on Women’s Rights. She became frustrated with the towns people because their way of thinking seemed small. Stanton meets up with Lucretia again, and that’s when they decided to go forth with their original plan-start a conversation over the place of women. These two women were determined to this and make it work. They joined with three of Mott’s friends to plan a convention in Seneca Falls. Mott’s had the experience and knows how to form the meetings, whereas Stanton felt helpless in that area. These women expressed their Grievance they decided to model the â€Å"Declaration of Rights and Sentiments†(401) on the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration drew attention, it demanded the right to vote, equality, property right, education, employment, divorce, and in court. Many people turned out to the meeting, one man in particular, Frederick Douglas a prominent black man, a free slave, and owner of the North ...

3 Sentences with Flawed Parallel Construction

3 Sentences with Flawed Parallel Construction 3 Sentences with Flawed Parallel Construction 3 Sentences with Flawed Parallel Construction By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, an attempt to make a list within a sentence has gone awry. Discussion after each example explains the problem, and one or two revisions suggest solutions. 1. We have specific plans about what we are going to do, how and when. This sentence implies a list consisting of â€Å"what we are going to do, how we are going to do them, and when we are going to do them,† but it elides one word too many: â€Å"We have specific plans about what we are going to do, and how and when.† 2. He holds various roles, from celebrated guest, martial arts envoy, unofficial chargà © d’affaires, and even close confidant. If what appears to be a list of associated nouns or noun phrases is preceded by from, it is not a list, but a range that includes one or more intermediate parameters, so from should be complemented by to, and the sentence must be further revised so that parameters are connected with conjunctions, thereby combining to be clearly associated with either to or from: â€Å"He holds various roles, from celebrated guest to martial arts envoy and unofficial chargà © d’affaires, and even close confidant. Alternatively, revise the sentence slightly to avoid the range construction altogether: â€Å"He holds various roles, including celebrated guest, martial arts envoy, unofficial chargà © d’affaires, and even close confidant.† 3. The company has embarked on the initiative with the objectives of process improvement, increased automation, compliance with internal and public company requirements, and to support future growth. The grammatical structure of the final list item is inconsistent with those preceding it- it alone includes an infinitive phrase (â€Å"to support†)- so revise it to match the others by shifting support from a verb to a noun: â€Å"The company has embarked on the initiative with the objectives of process improvement, increased automation, compliance with internal and public company requirements, and support of future growth.† Alternatively, convert the third item to a final item by inserting a conjunction before it, then make what was the final item a distinct phrase by inserting an of before it to make it parallel with the list (which is preceded by of) and changing the form of the verb: â€Å"The company has embarked on the initiative with the objectives of process improvement, increased automation, and compliance with internal and public company requirements and of supporting future growth.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should AvoidHomonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsPunctuation Is Powerful

Methods, Problems and Issues in Maritime Policy Essay

Methods, Problems and Issues in Maritime Policy - Essay Example The liner cargo-carrying service sector, on the other hand, carries out its operations on regular scheduled services between ports which have been advertised. These advertised ports are known as the liner trades, and they operations are based on the principle of common carriage. In this sector, cargoes are transported for a number of shippers simultaneously, unlike in the bulk sector. It is worth noting that the liner cargo-carrying service sector is ordinarily subjected to a wide scope of regulatory constraints in matters of safety and commercial nature. In a majority of the countries, to be particular, some of the liner shipping practices do enjoy conditional exemptions from the anti-trust laws application. Resultantly, this ability to take part in co-operative practices has been contributory to the organisation and the shape of the sector (Starer & Mayerson 2009, p.1). The bulk cargo-carrying sector, on its part, covers a number of primary sub-divisions whose basis is the specific types of vessels while liquid cargoes are shipped in chemical tankers, crude oil tankers, liquefied gas tankers and refined petroleum product tankers, non-liquid cargoes are shipped in dry bulk carriers and other multipurpose carriers. Ordinarily, vessels operating in the bulk cargo-carrying sector hardly operate on services which have been scheduled. Nevertheless, these vessels operate on precise expeditions in fulfilment of either short- or long-term contracts, in which the entire cargo transported on a particular voyage is property of an individual owner (Hubner n.d., p.24). Furthermore, carriers may be operating a number of routes as per the local demand in certain ports and can be shipping different bulk cargoes. These are habitually known as a tramp shipping sector- which is a separate sector within the shipping industry. The impromptu open market mode of operation distinguishes

Why did the Korean War become an international conflict Essay

Why did the Korean War become an international conflict - Essay Example Fought as a result of disintegration of Korea into two countries due to World War II, Korean War was a result of conflict between USA and USSR as after the World War, one part was occupied by US and other was by USSR. The overall scenario leading to the Korean War is also based upon the rising tension between US and USSR. After the end of World War II though peace started to take its roots in Europe and other developed countries however, the US-USSR conflict started to worsen and both the super powers of the world reached to a point of cold war. The competing ideologies of Communism versus capitalism and dominance of US or USSR on the world political stage set the most part of the War between US supported South Korea and USSR and China supported North Korea. It was also during this war that UN was used for the first time by US as a tool to actually engage into armed conflict with any country. Why this conflict became global in nature and size, why major players including UN and US ac tually involved in this conflict will be discussed in this area. Political Turmoil and role of US and USSR Korea’s geographical location made it one of the most important regions in post-World War-II scenario and it was increasingly viewed as region which would ultimately become the point of contention between the Western powers and Communist bloc. The conditions for war were created due to keen interests of the two of the largest communist states in the world and the overall indecisiveness of US to conduct its foreign policy in the Far East region. Korea has always remained of interest for Russia and China and it was also because of this reason that USSR tried to occupy the country after World War II. Considering the increase in power of USSR, US also attempted to capture part of the country and hence Korea was divided between South and North Korea with US controlling South Korea whereas North Korea was controlled by USSR. The failure to actually hold free and fair elections increased the political tension in the region with North and South Korea forming two different sets of governments. South Korea adapted democracy whereas North Korea became a communist country. The political tension further escalated when small skirmishes started to occur on what was called 38 Parallel, the line controlled by US which was also virtually dividing both the countries from each other. The Korean War erupted in what was called the middle of the cold war between US and USSR and their bid to take control of the world. It was also increasingly seen as the war to determine which ideological framework world would adapt i.e. capitalism versus communism. The direct involvement of USSR in the war and supplying the arms to North Korea also prompted US, under the banner of UN to engage into the conflict with USSR. It is suggested that it was also the first time when US actually used UN as a foreign policy tool. The overall plan was to actually give Korea under the trusteeship of United Nations which would eventually lead it to full independence over the period of time. It was however subsequently realized that the imposition of any political will from other than Koreans may not be easy to implement and region may drift into turmoil as a result of political conflict between the super powers. It is also important to understand the overall diversity of opinions as well as groupings within Korea which could not help materialize the development of a workable plan to actually make the transition. The overall diversity of political opinions was also due to the Japanese Colonial rule which kept the country divided based upon different ideological basis. The suppression of Korean nationalist movement by the Japan also resulted into the lack of

Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Essay -- Chemistry, Cell

Introduction There are many different cell lines that have been used in order to examine genotoxicity exposure of agents such as human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line - TMK1, human colon cancer - COL2, particularly human B lymphoblastoid cell line - TK6 is more often used. TK6 is a cell line heterozygous at the thymidine kinase locus from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in T cell lineage blast crisis which included Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)(q34;q11), an abnormality in chromosome 6 (a deletion of the long arm), and chromosome 7, for example, del(6)(q21); ins(1;-)(q21;-); del(1)(q21;q32); dic(7)(:p13ïÆ'   cenïÆ'   q32:11.2ïÆ'   cenïÆ'   pter) (Watanabe et al., 1995; Tomita et al., 1998). These cells are relatively stable p53-normal immortal, have low mutation frequencies in gene and chromosome, and are proficient in mismatch repair (Tomita-Mitchel et al., 2000), from these properties TK6 cell line is applied in this study for assessing toxicity of anti-cancer agents. Polyynes containing triple bonds which are presented in many natural sources, have been considered in medicine with a variety of biological activities such as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiHIV, and anticancer (Dembitsky et al., 2006). Previously, there were many researches about the diyne-structure-related-capability of polyyne, especially ene-diyne, these investigations suggested that enediyne compounds include two triple bonds (diyne) seperated by a double bond (ene) can cleavage DNA via cross linking to several positions, interacting with minor groove or abstracting hydrogen atoms as well as arrest cell cycle, inhibit proteins required for initiation replication stage (Chin et al., 1988; Sugiura et al., 1989; Walker et a... ... nuclei, and should be separated with clear nuclear boundary. Timescale involved Along with the proposal, the RAGS system will be completed and approved in week 18. After that, the first step is synthesis of two chemicals in 4 weeks from 16th January to 13th February 2012. Once the chemicals are produced, TK6 cells will be treated in control medium and in medium containing these compounds, separately, and measure LD50 ¬ of TK6 cell line, statistic analysis LOEC, NOEC and thereby comparing cytotoxicity of these compounds. This process will take around 6 weeks from 13th February to 23rd March 2012. Later on, micronucleus assay will be applied to study genotoxicity on TK6 cells via clastogenic behaviour for 7 weeks and finish laboratory practical on 1st June 2012. Finally, writing up and project draft will be completed within 4 weeks.

Integrated DNS Servers

I am working at two branch offices and have been tasked with where to place the Active- Directory Integrated DNS Servers and what type to use. One of the branch offices is very small and (5 users) and has a very slow network connectivity. Do I need a DNS Server and, if so, which type of zone should it hosts? The second branch office is much larger (about 30 users) and has better network connectivity. Does this office need a DNS Server and, if so what type of zone would you recommend?Response:Dear Junior Admin; I really appreciate the opportunity to assist you in regards to implementing Active Directory & DNS Servers in your â€Å"Windows† environment. Let me start by saying that without DNS your network will more than likely not function because clients will not be able to resolve names to (IP) addresses, also DNS enables network devices such as printers and computers to communicate on the internet or locate one another within the organizations local network. Based on the give n scenario, you have made an excellent choice of configuring the â€Å"Active Directory Integrated Zones† because Active Directory has the following benefits: Fault Tolerance – Redundant copy of DNS zone information can be stored on multiple servers. Security – DACL can be modified by specified user groups.Zones are Multimaster – zones can be updated in more than one location. Efficient Replication – Zone transfers are replaced by more efficient Active Directory replication. Maintain use of secondary zones – if needed.Note: Since Active Directory-Integrated Zones follow a multimaster update model which means all zones contain a read/write copy of the zone and can make changes to the zone information, â€Å"primary and secondary distinctions are not necessary.† The smaller Branch office with (5) users will require will house what would normally be your Secondary Server, utilizing the Active Directory with Integrated Zones will compensa te for the slow network because it will avoid forcing queries across a slow wide area network link. The larger Branch office with (30) users certainly requires the utilization of DNS & Active Directory Integrated Zones† and will house what would

Heroes in the Epic Stories of Odyssey, Aeneid, and Antigone

Throughout time, heroic tales have been a source of entertainment. For many, they offer hope and inspiration. Heroic tales often involve a battle, not necessarily a war, but a battle of will or good versus evil. The protagonists in Odyssey, Aeneid, and Antigone are considered heroes. When faced with options for which way their life will go, these characters choose the more difficult path. They never give up on what they believe in. They continue their path because of there courageous since of duty and destiny. While cultural changes dictate what is considered heroic, bravery and self-sacrifice remain constant throughout time. To begin, Homer’s Odyssey tells the epic story of the Greek hero Odysseus and his struggle to return home. Odysseus was away from home for twenty years; he left behind a loving wife and a newborn son. He sacrificed his home and family to wage war against the Trojans. The epic tale of The Odyssey begins at the end of a ten-year battle in Troy; Odysseus is instrumental in winning this battle. Odysseus is clever and quite cunning; he often uses this throughout his adventures to escape danger. Odysseus devises a plan for the Trojan horse that leads to the downfall of Troy. This plan alone would have been enough to gain â€Å"hero† status in his time. In the Greek culture, warriors often achieve immortal fame through heroic deeds in battle. Once the battle is over, Odysseus’ focus changes to his journey home. During this journey, he faces with many obstacles.Show MoreRelatedGreek Mythology8088 Words   |  33 Pagesabout  the  exploits  of  gods   and  heroes  and  their  relations  with  ordinary  mortals.   The  ancient  Greeks  worshiped  many  gods  within  a  culture  that  tolerated  diversity.  Unlike  other  belief   systems,  Greek  culture  recognized  no  single  truth  or  code  and  produced  no  sacred,  written  text  likeà ‚   the  Bible  or  the  Qur’an.  Stories  about  the  origins  and  actions  of  Greek  divinities  varied  widely,   depending,  for  example,  on  whether  the  tale  appeared  in  a  comedy,  tragedy,  or  epic  poem.  Greek   mythology  was  like  a  complex  and  rich  language